EDUCATION FOR SELF DEVELOPMENT - ppt

®                  EDUCATION AND
SELF DEVELOPMENT

®                  Higher Education
(Tertiary / College / University Education)

Enrolment Ratio

USA	80.90%
Canada	87.30%
Australia	79.80%
Finland	74.10%
UK	52.30%
France	51.00%
Norway	62.00%
Belgium	56.30%
New Zealand	62.60%
China	15.00%
India	7.00%

®                  Higher Education

UNIVERSITIES / POPULATION

	Population (in Crores)	Universities
USA	27.60	2466 (631 PU, 1835 PrU, 1081 PJC, 621 PrJC)
Japan	12.70	726 (87 NU, 86 PU, 553 PrU)
Germany	8.20	350
UK	5.98	125
Indonesia	21.70	1770 (57 PU, 1200 PrU)
Philipines	7.90	1495 (377 PU, 1118 PrU)
China	130.60	2000
India	110.00	342 (18 CU, 211 SU, 95 DU, 13 UNI, 5 SLU)

ISSUES / PROBLEMS

•       Quality and relevance

•       Access and equity

•       Infrastructure and large number

•       Bureaucratic control (power without expertise)

•       Use of professional managers. We are in 50^th place out of 53 countries studied

•       45^th position in competitiveness (1^st is USA, 3^rd Taiwan, 4^th Singapore & 33^rd China)*

                 *Global Competitiveness Report, 2004

OUR STRENGTH

•       Rich heritage

•       Were world leaders in

•       Science and Technology: Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara, Varahamira, Ramanujam, Raman, Bose. Counting: 10⁵³ (Greek 106, West to 10¹² tera)

•       Education: Nalanda, Takshashila

•       Health: Rural Health

•       Business: Trade

•       Best brains in the world

•       Best institutions of higher learning

•       We can do it

•       Get over colonial hang-ups: Chains and shackles (rules & regulations, procedures & precedents), bureaucracy.

EDUCATION AND SUCCESS IN LIFE (USA studies)

•       Reports of James Coleman (1966) and Daniel Moynihan (1965) on equality and achievement

•       Socioeconomic level is more related to achievement rather than education

•       Genes and IQ have relatively little effect on economic success

•       School quality have little effect on achievement or on economic success

•       Educational reform cannot bring economic or social equality

•       Blacks and whites with equal test scores have very unequal occupational statuses and income

•       Only political and economic changes bring greater equality (not through education)

•       Success depends on varieties of luck and on the job competence (more of personality than technical skills) that are moderately related to family background, schooling or scores on tests

®  TOTAL PERSON:

        Head (intellect)

        Heart (Mind)

        Hand (Body)

        Higher (Soul)

®  IMAGE OF GODDESS OF  LEARNING

®  IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION

        Mono – Multi faculty universities

        Basic – Applied science

        Theory – Practical

        Holistic – Piecemeal

        Integrated - Divisive

        Pearls of Ancient Wisdom

Mundaka Upanishad

•       Saunaka asks Angiras: Through what being known does all this become known?

•       Reply: Dve vidye veditavye iti ha sma yad brahmavido vadanti, para caivapara ca (1.1.4)

•       Two kinds of knowledge are to be known, as indeed, the knowers of Brahman declare – The Higher (spiritual) as well as The Lower (material / science)

•       Tatrapara rg-vedo yajurvedah sama-vedo tharva-vedah siksa kalpo vyakaranam niruktam cando jyothisam-iti. Para yaya tad aksaram adhigamyate

•       Of these, the lower is the Rg veda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda, the Athurveda. Phonetics, ritual, grammar,  etymology, metrics & astrology and the higher is that by which undecaying is apprehended.

®  Pearls of Ancient Wisdom            …continued

Isha Upanishad

•       Andham tamah pravishanti yo’vidyam upasate tato bhuya iva tamo ya u vidyayam ratah -9- 

•       Into blinding darkness enter those who worship science (aparavidya=avidya) only and those who delight in spirituality (paravidya) only enter into greater darkness

•       Anayd eva-ahuh vidyaya, anyad-ahuh avidyaya iti susruma dhiranam ye nas dad vicacaksire -10-

•       Spirituality has its own distinct purpose. Science also has its own, a different purpose. Thus we have heard from the brave explorers (of both realms) who explained all this to us.

•       Vidyam ca avidyam ca yah tad veda ubhayam saha avidyaya mrtyum tirtva, vidyaya-amritam-asnute -11-

•       One who masters both science and spirituality together, conquers death through science and tastes immortality through spirituality

•       Pearls of Ancient Wisdom            …continued

Bhagavad Gita

•       Bhumir apo nalo vayuh kham mano buddhir eva ca ahankara itiyam me bhinna praktitir astadha 7.4

•       Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intelligence and ego – all together these eight constitute my separate material nature

•       Apareyam itas tu anyam prkrrtim viddhi me param jiva-bhutam maha-baho yayedam dharyate jagat 7.5

•       Besides these, O’ mighty armed, there is another higher (spiritual) nature of mine which holds the whole universe

•       Etad-yonini bhutani sarvan ity upadha raya aham krtsnasya jagatah prabhavah pralayas tatha 7.6

•       All created beings have their source in these two natures. Of all that is material and all that is spiritual in this world, know for certain I am both the origin and the dissolution

•       Mattah parataram nanyat kincid asti dhananjaya mayi sarvam idam protram sutre mani gana iva 7.7

•       There is no truth superior to me, O’ conqueror of wealth everything rests on me as pearls are strung on a thread

Rationale:

•       All beings have visible (apara) and invisible (para) nature

•       Invisible is subtler, stronger, all pervasive, rich and nurturing

•       Have access to invisible also before embarking on any activity

Be in tune with:

•       Yoga-sthah kuru karmani (B.g 2.48) – perform your action in the state of union

•       Yogah karmasu kausalam (B.g.2.50) – Yoga is skill in action

•       Yogah cittavritti nirodha (Y.s.1.2) – Yoga is silencing mental activities

•       Tada drashtuh svarupe avasthanam (Y.s.1.3) – Then the seer is established in his nature

Accessing the invisible part of reality:

•       Yoga: Yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, prathyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhiyah, ashtavangani

•       Buddha-dhyana:

•       Kayanu paschana – Observe the body

•       Vedananu paschana – Observe the sensation

•       Chittanu paschana – Observe the mind

•       Dammanu paschana – Observe the Order

Model for living:

•       Fight (western) vs Flow (eastern)

•       Self gratification of needs vs serving others (paropakarah punyaya papaya parapedanam-Vyasa)

•       Always connected to the whole

•       Yovy bhooma tatsukham nalpe sukhamasti (Rg veda) – The large-hearted (big) is happy, not the petty

•       Unfoldment of all that one can become (creative) happens when one engages / mingle / related to the whole / other – family, organization, community, region, nation, world, universe…

•       Ayam nijah paro veti ganana laghu chetasam udaracharitanatu vasudhaiva kutumbakam (Hitopedesha) – Those who think ‘he is mine’ , ‘he is not’ are petty minded, those who are large-hearted regard the world as one family

®